Defence & International Law
Date: 6 March 2026 | Source: The Indian Express, Delhi Edition, 6 March 2026
Tags: JDAM, B-2 Spirit, Nuclear Non-Proliferation, NPT, Iran Conflict, CUET Defence, CUET GK
The US campaign against Iran’s nuclear facilities showcased a decisive shift to GPS-guided gravity bombs (JDAMs) delivered by B-2 Spirit stealth bombers. This article unpacks the technology, the NPT framework, and why it matters for CUET.
Introduction
US forces struck Iran’s hardened nuclear facilities using Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs) — precision GPS-guided kits fitted to conventional gravity bombs — delivered by the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber. The campaign marked a doctrinal shift away from expensive cruise missiles toward cheaper, high-volume precision strikes.
🎯 JDAM vs Cruise Missile: Key Differences
| Factor | JDAM | Cruise Missile |
|---|---|---|
| Unit cost | ~$25,000 | $1–2 million+ |
| Accuracy (CEP) | ~5 metres | ~10 metres |
| Delivery platform | Aircraft (B-2, F-35) | Ships, submarines, aircraft |
| Penetration | Bunker-buster variants available | Limited bunker capability |
The NPT Framework and Iran
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), in force since 1970, has three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear energy. Article VI of the NPT obligates nuclear weapon states to pursue disarmament.
⚠️ Key Takeaways for CUET
- JDAM: GPS-guided bomb kit — converts unguided gravity bombs into precision munitions. Accuracy ~5 metre CEP.
- B-2 Spirit: US stealth strategic bomber — flying-wing design; built by Northrop Grumman.
- NPT (1970): Three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament (Article VI), peaceful use.
- Dual-use dilemma: Uranium enrichment technology serves both civilian reactors and weapons.
Glossary
| JDAM | Joint Direct Attack Munition — GPS/inertial guidance kit that converts unguided bombs into precision weapons with ~5m accuracy. |
| B-2 Spirit | US strategic stealth bomber with flying-wing design; capable of delivering JDAMs and the Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP). |
| NPT | Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1970) — three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament (Article VI), peaceful nuclear use. |
| CEP | Circular Error Probable — radius within which 50% of munitions land; a measure of weapon accuracy. |
📝 Practice Quiz — 5 MCQs
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